I have 6% Welsh exact genetic matches & 5% Dutch exact genetic matches. I'm starting to believe that during the Roman period - I was grouped with the Old Belgium group, which became the Franks later on, and during the Norman period - I think I was related to a the one third of Brittany groups that made up the Norman forces In 1066. My so certain from my mothers side we come from these areas - from our names. From my fathers side - I still need to know if I'm S21 or S28?

U5a1a & R1b1c*

Caggegi-Raciti Y-DNA Results:

R1b1c:

M173+ M207+ M269+ M343+ P25+ M126- M153- M160- M18- M222- M37- M65- M73- P66- SRY2627-

393 390 19* 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2***

13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29


R1b1c:

Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago. This lineage is also the haplogroup containing the Atlantic modal haplotype.


HVR1 Haplogroup U5a1a

HVR1 differences from CRS

16157C
16192T
16256T
16270T
16320T
16399G

Caggegi-Raciti mt-DNA Results:
Fuoti-Raciti mt-DNA Results:

U5a1a:

Specific mitochondrial haplogroups are typically found in different regions of the world, and this is due to unique population histories. In the process of spreading around the world, many populations—with their special mitochondrial haplogroups—became isolated, and specific haplogroups concentrated in geographic regions. Today, we have identified certain haplogroups that originated in Africa, Europe, Asia, the islands of the Pacific, the Americas, and even particular ethnic groups. Of course, haplogroups that are specific to one region are sometimes found in another, but this is due to recent migration.

The mitochondrial super-haplogroup U encompasses haplogroups U1-U7 and haplogroup K. Haplogroup U5, with its own multiple lineages nested within, is the oldest European-specific haplogroup, and its origin dates to approximately 50,000 years ago. Most likely arising in the Near East, and spreading into Europe in a very early expansion, the presence of haplogroup U5 in Europe pre-dates the expansion of agriculture in Europe. Haplogroup U5a1a—a lineage within haplogroup U5—arose in Europe less than 20,000 years ago, and is mainly found in northwest and north-central Europe. The modern distribution of haplogroup U5a1a suggests that individuals bearing this haplogroup were part of the populations that had tracked the retreat of ice sheets from Europe.

Name Origins - for U5a1a Members:

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Here's what I found:

Name Origins - for U5a1a Members:

English: 34 %
Norman-/French: 23 %
Scottish: 19 %
Anglo-Saxon-/German: 11 %
Irish: 7 %
Welsh: 4 %

These are the cultural names that match me mainly on my Y-DNA (R1b1c*).

English Names - 41%
Scottish Names - 18%
Irish Names - 16%
French Names - 16%
German Names - 5%
Dutch Names - 4%

There is definely a Norman/Anglo-Saxon/Frisian - connection with my genetic matches in the FTDNA database.

Celts in Italy

Celts in Italy

There was an early Celtic presence in northern Italy since inscriptions dated to the sixth century BC have been found there. In 391BC Celts "who had their homes beyond the Alps streamed through the passes in great strength and seized the territory that lay between the Appeninne mountains and the Alps" according to Diodorus Siculus. The Po Valley and the rest of northern Italy (known to the Romans as Cisalpine Gaul) was inhabited by Celtic-speakers who founded cities such as Milan. Later the Roman army was routed at the battle of Allia and Rome was sacked in 390BC.

At the battle of Telemon in 225 BC a large Celtic army was trapped between two Roman forces and crushed.

The defeat of the combined Samnite, Celtic and Etruscan alliance by the Romans in the Third Samnite War sounded the beginning of the end of the Celtic domination in mainland Europe, but it was not until 192 BC that the Roman armies conquered the last remaining independent Celtic kingdoms in Italy.

The Celts settled much further south of the Po River than many maps show. Remnants in the town of Doccia, in the province of Emilia-Romagna, showcase Celtic houses in very good condition dating from about the 4th century BC.

Dear Project Members,

You can now view the project Y-DNA results in IE7:


http://us.share.geocities.com/johnraciti2/Nordic_Celtic_DNA.html

http://www.geocities.com/johnraciti2/Project_Page.html


Please use FireFox to view Y-DNA results at FTDNA.

http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Nordic-Celtic/


Members were having problems viewing the data. I spent a bit of time
constructing pages so that members can view Y-DNA results in IE7.


Best Regards,
John

Admin
Nordic and Celtic DNA Project - (Saami & Iberian).

Basque country of northern Spain

The Basque country of northern Spain, which is located along the north coast of Spain, next to the western Pyrenees. The Basques, who are a pre-Roman people, have a proud and unique cultural heritage and language. The origins of the Basques remains shadowed in uncertainty although historians have attempted to link the Basques with Irish Celts, eastern European tribes or even North African peoples. The Basques were the last of the Pre-Roman tribes of Spain to accept Roman culture, laws and languages. However, they revealed no signs of Visigothic or Frankish culture. The Basques remained distinct even after the Arab invasion of 711 because they took refuge in the valleys of the western Pyrenees and waited out the early wave of Arab conquest. As the Christian Reconquest that was launched by Asturias gathered momentum, the Basques became allied with Asturias and Navarre. In 778, Charlemagne entered Spain and sacked the city of Pamplona. In revenge, the Basques attacked and annhilated his forces as they were retreating through the Pyrenean mountain pass of Roncesvalles. These events have been immortalized in the French epic poem "Chanson de Roland". After the 9th century, the Basques were politically aligned with a succession of kingdoms: Asturias, Navarre, and later Castile. Since the end of the Middle Ages and until today, the region was politically dependent on Castile. Nevertheless, the Basque language has never been lost and it is the symbol of this ancient culture that has survived so many centuries of contact and assimilation with other linguistic groups.